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Greetings Tom: My reference was to works for which the copyright has expired and are in the public domain and usable without permission; this certainly applies to works published before 1918. My second reference was to aviation photography provided by government agencies, which can not copyright their publications, which are automatically in the public domain.
I consulted a book called "Hirsh's Handbook of Publishing Law'. On page 144 Hirsh states: "by definition, an author or publisher cannot be liable for copyright infringement by copying words or images that are in the public domain. Indeed, the very phrase "public domain" is best defined as images, words and other expressions that are not subject to copyright law."
Consider further that most if not all of the pictures of military aircraft of WWI found in books published in the 1920s-1930s used pictures taken by military photography and that there is usually no attribution line under these graphics. Even the great book: "Jane's Fighting Aircraft of WWI" does not attribute the photographers; my assumption is that civilians were not allowed to take pictures of military aircraft for security reasons.
This topic could use some more input. Billy H, 5/31/00.
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