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It comes as a surprise to learn that the Spad 13 was the outcome of an un-successful design: the SPAD 12. The S12 was the version of the SPAD fitted with an early design of the 'moteur-canon' firing through the propeller hub. It was found that the slow reloading and excessive recoil shocks negated the advantages of shell firing armament. Also, the compact nature of the SPAD cockpit had a tendency to gather fumes which nauseated the pilot. Because of these problems, the SPAD XII was abandoned but in view of its excellent flying qualities it re-emerged as the SPAD 13, with twin synchronized Vickers machine-guns, in the late summer of 1917.
Can anybody corroborate this?
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